<p>Belmont, also known as the Ficklin Mansion, is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built about 1820 for John Winn by Jefferson brick mason John Jordan. Originally it had a center pavilion with lower symmetrical side wings but a second story was added to the wings by John Winn&#39;s son Benjamin Bannister Winn about 1840. It is a brick dwelling showing both Greek Revival and Federal details as it was built during the transition between the two styles. It features pedimented portico supported by four square paneled columns resting on a raised brick base.</p><br>
<p>The 551-acre estate was sold at auction to Slaughter Ficklin in 1847 and he renamed it Belmont from the original Belle-mont and turned it into a renowned horse farm. In 1890 the estate was subdivided and is now the Belmont neighborhood of Charlottesville. The house has been divided into apartments.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Enderly is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1859–1860, and is a two-story, three-bay, Greek Revival style brick dwelling. It has an original one-story rear wing, later expanded to two stories in the 20th century. A single-story Colonial Revival front porch replaced the original portico.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Located at 605 Watson Avenue, adjacent to the Enderly House, is the Enderly kitchen. The kitchen was built in 1858 and prepared all of the meals for the Enderlys. Originally just a two room kitchen, the front 2 over 2 was added during World War I. In 1986, an additional first floor BR suite was added that enlarged the home even more.</p><br>
<p>Wyndhurst, also known as Wyndhurst and Preston Place, is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1857, and is a two-story, three-bay, frame dwelling with Greek Revival style decorative details. It has a low pitched hipped roof, one-story enclosed sun parlor, and two additions are connected by a one-story hyphen.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is located in the Rugby Road-University Corner Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The Putnam County Courthouse, located at 120 N. 4th Street in Hennepin, is Putnam County, Illinois&#39; county courthouse. Built in 1839, the building is the oldest courthouse in the state which is still in use. The courthouse was designed in the Greek Revival style and features four Doric columns at its front entrance. J.A. Williams later  constructed an addition, which included a vault and document room, on the north side of the courthouse.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 4, 1975.</p><br>
<p>The Saline County Poor Farm is a historic poor farm located at 1600 Feazel Road in Harrisburg, Illinois. The farm was founded in 1863 in accordance with an 1839 state law providing for each county to establish a poor farm or almshouse. After using a cheaply made log building to house the poor for several years, a permanent brick residence was constructed on the farm in 1877. The poor farm was designed to provide shelter for the countys impoverished residents under the condition that they work on the farm if able. During the late 1800s, this was the most common means of providing social relief for the poor in Illinois; by 1903, only two of the states 102 counties had not established a poor farm or almshouse. However, the county poor farms frequently suffered from substandard living conditions, and the Saline County farm was no exception. According to various state reports from the early 1900s, the buildings were not maintained properly, disease and bedbugs were rampant, official oversight was lacking, and inmates often refused to work.</p><br>
<p>During the Progressive Era, popular opinion shifted to support social welfare programs rather than poor farms as the preferred means of public social support, largely due to the living conditions on the farms. This shift was reflected in Illinois law; the state allowed counties to merge their poor farms in 1917, forced poor farms to change their names to county homes in 1919, and ultimately banned counties from placing healthy individuals in poor farms in 1948. Nevertheless, the Saline County Poor Farm never merged with another county and did not officially close until the 1950s.</p><br>
<p>The poor farm was added to the National Register of Historic Places on January 22, 2001. The listing also included the county&#39;s cemetery for the poor, which was located on the same property as the poor farm.</p><br>
<p>The Ficklin–Crawford Cottage was a historic house located in Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built sometime between 1865 and 1886, and was a -story, three-bay, frame dwelling with Gothic Revival style decorative details. It had a steep bellcast gable roof with deeply projecting eaves. It originally stood on the southwest corner of Belmont Avenue and Castalia Street, and moved to its final site in 1929.</p><br>
<p>The house suffered a fire in October 1981, and the owners insurance deemed it a total loss. Despite the damage, it was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 21, 1982. However, on November 24 of the same year, the city government granted the owners request for permission to demolish the structure.</p><br>
<p>Four Acres is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1910, and is a -story, three-bay, Colonial Revival-style brick dwelling. It sits in a raised basement and has a slate hipped roof. The front facade features a four-columned, Ionic order portico.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. In 2016, it was listed for sale for over $10 million.</p><br>
<p>Gardner–Mays Cottage is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1891, and is a one-over-one-room stucco cottage on a low foundation with an original one-room rear wing. The house is typical of the many small worker&#39;s cottages built in Fifeville.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is located in the Fifeville and Tonsler Neighborhoods Historic District.</p><br>
<p>The historic home listed as Lewis Farm, also known as The Farm and John A. G. Davis Farm, is located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1826, and is a two-story brick dwelling with a low hipped roof and two large chimneys. On the front facade is a Tuscan order portico with a terrace above. The house was built by individuals who worked with Thomas Jefferson on building the University of Virginia. Its builder, John A. G. Davis, was law professor at the University of Virginia and was shot and killed outside Pavilion X by a student in 1840. During the American Civil War, Brigadier General George Armstrong Custer set up temporary headquarters at the house where he remained for three days.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1735, Nicholas Meriwether obtained patents from King George III to approximately 19,000 acres in Albemarle County east of Charlottesville. One parcel of 1020 acres was located west of the Rivanna River, the area which now is the Locust Grove and Belmont neighborhoods. It became known as "The Farm" because it was the one cleared area in a virgin forest.</p><br>
<p>A main house and out buildings were built at "The Farm" on the hill facing the river to the east. The house burned after a couple of decades. Nicholas Lewis, grandson of Meriwether, inherited the property in 1762 and built another main house facing the river around 1770. Nicholas Lewis (1734-1808) was an Albemarle County landowner and friend of Thomas Jefferson. Lewis was also an officer in the American Revolution, a County magistrate, Surveyor, and Sheriff. After the death of Nicholas Meriwether, his grandfather, in 1744, Lewis inherited The Farm, 1,020 acres on both sides of the Rivanna River east of Charlottesville. The estate was the headquarters of British Lt. Col. Banastre Tarleton, who occupied Charlottesville for a day in 1781 to pursue Jefferson and the rest of the Virginian legislators.</p><br>
<p>It was described as a place of beauty surrounded by a garden of roses, shrubs and fine fruit. It could have been built on or near the foundations for the first house. A listing in The Mutual Assurance Society of Virginia records from 1805 may describe the house. It was a wooden dwelling two stories high, 48 feet long and 22 feet wide. There is an active spring down the hill a couple of hundred yards to the south. All that remains is the kitchen or cook&#39;s house. It now is in the middle of a middle class housing subdivision facing Twelfth Street. It is still surrounded by mature hardwood trees and retains its view of Monticello. Nicholas Lewis was buried on his property in a cemetery on a hilltop overlooking the river where his gravestone says January 19, 1734 to December 8, 1808.</p><br>
<p>Locust Grove is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia, United States. It was built between 1840 and 1844, and is a two-story, five-bay, Georgian style brick dwelling. It has a hipped roof and end chimneys. On the front facade is a portico with coupled paneled columns. Also on the property are a contributing original kitchen and smokehouse.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It is located in the Martha Jefferson Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Patton Mansion is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1907, and is a two-story, five-bay, double pile, Jeffersonian Revival Style brick dwelling. It has a hip roof and a full-height Tuscan order portico covering the center three bays of the front façade. There is a small hanging balcony with Chinese Chippendale baluster above the entrance.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Paxton Place is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built about 1824, and is a -story, four-bay, Federal style brick dwelling. It has a side gable roof and two interior chimneys connected by a curtain. The house has been occupied by the Shisler Funeral Home and the Loyal Order of Moose Lodge.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Peyton–Ellington Building is a historic commercial building located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1893, and is a two-story, three-bay, brick building with an iron front facade. The facade features decorated pilasters at each end that support a cornice with a plain frieze, modillions, and cornice stops.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>White Cross–Huntley Hall is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1891, and is a two-story Shingle Style dwelling. It features stone walls, broad expanses of hipped and gable rooflines, circular tower, and small-paned windows. The Charlottesville School for Boys occupied the house for over a decade in the 1930s-1940s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Dabney–Thompson House is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1894, and is a two-story Queen Anne style frame dwelling. It is sheathed in weatherboard and features a steeply-pitched hipped roof with tall gables over all four projecting bays. The house has projecting eaves and verges and decoratively-sawn exposed rafter ends. It is pierced by three chimneys with corbelled caps. It was built by Richard Heath Dabney, Professor of History and later Dean of the Graduate School of Arts and Sciences at the University of Virginia, father of Virginius Dabney . Dabney sold the house in 1907. The house is occupied by the Montessori School of Charlottesville.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Hard Bargain is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1878, and is a two-story, three-bay, Late Victorian style frame dwelling. It is sheathed in weatherboard and sits on a brick English basement. It has a large two-story rear addition , one-story bay window, and projecting end pavilion. Also on the property are the contributing stone foundation of an old barn and the remains of a mill on Schenk&#39;s Branch.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>House at Pireus is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built about 1830, and is a small -story, two-bay, vernacular cottage. It sits on a full basement and has a hipped gambrel roof of standing seam metal. The house has a central stone and brick chimney. It was probably moved to its present location during the last quarter of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The King–Runkle House is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1891, and is a two-story, Late Victorian style frame dwelling with a two-story rear wing. It is sheathed in weatherboard and has a steeply pitched gable roof. The house features a simple one-story semi-octagonal bay window, ornamented porches and a projecting pavilion, and Eastlake movement gable ornamentation.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Now occupied by the Virginia Alpine Ski and Snowboard Team (+50,000 GNAR Points).</p><br>
<p>McConnell–Neve House is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1894, and is a two-story, three-bay, Late Victorian style frame dwelling with a -story wing. It is sheathed in wooden shingles. It features high-pitched hipped roof, irregular silhouette, and slender three-story octagonal tower with steep pyramidal roof. The house has been divided into apartments.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>The Timberlake–Branham House is a historic home located in Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1886, and is a two-story, three-bay, single-pile I-house dwelling. It is sheathed in weatherboard and sits on a low brick foundation. It features a two-story semi-octagonal addition at the eastern end and a wing at the southwestern rear corner. The house is occupied by the Dabney Foundation for Elders.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Turner–LaRowe House is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1892, and is a two-story, Late Victorian style dwelling. It features two one-story verandahs with a low-pitched hipped roofs, spindle frieze, and bracketed Eastlake movement posts and balustrade. A small second-story porch above the.entrance has a</p><br>
<p>matching balustrade and a pedimented gable roof.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Rose Cottage/Peyton House is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1856, as a simple three-bay, single-pile, two-story rectangular frame dwelling. The house is sheathed in weatherboard. Later 20th century additions include a single story Colonial Revival porch; matching one-story, one room wings; and a two-story, perpendicular house joined by and enclosed porch.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983,</p><br>
<p>Stonefield is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built about 1860, as a simple, vernacular two-story, one-over-one-room frame house on a high brick basement. A two-story Queen Anne style "facade", two rooms in width and one room deep, effectively masking the original rambling vernacular structure behind. It was added between 1880 and 1884. This section has a hipped roof with a large gable that overhangs a semi-octagonal bay-projection.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>Benjamin Tonsler House is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1879, and is a two-story, stuccoed frame Late Victorian dwelling with elements of the Italianate and Second Empire styles. It has a rear wing, high-pitched gable roof, and a projecting corner tower with a mansard roof.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983. It is located in the Fifeville and Tonsler Neighborhoods Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Hotel Gleason/Albemarle Hotel, Imperial Cafe is a historic hotel and commercial building located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1896, and has a three-bay, three-story pressed-brick facade raised above the ground-floor recessed loggia in the Late Victorian style. The loggia is supported on four Corinthian order columns. The hotel closed in 1976.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>King Lumber Company Warehouse is a historic warehouse building located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1909, and is a three-bay, three bay by five bay brick building. It has a low gable roof with stepped gables and corbeled cornice stops. The King Lumber Company manufactured</p><br>
<p>building materials that were used throughout the United States, including in many buildings at the University of Virginia. The company closed in the 1930s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Piereus Store is a historic commercial building located at Charlottesville, Virginia, USA. It was built between 1835 and 1840 and is a two-story, two-bay, brick building measuring two rooms deep. It has a gable roof and a single story Victorian front porch. It is one of two houses remaining from the "Piereus" phase of industrial development along the Rivanna River.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1983.</p><br>
<p>Springwood Cemetery is an American historic cemetery in Greenville, South Carolina, listed on the. It is the oldest municipal cemetery in the state and has approximately 7,700 marked, and 2,600 unmarked, graves.</p><br>
<p>The first burial in what today is Springwood Cemetery occurred in July 1812, after Elizabeth Blackburn Williams (1752–1812), the mother-in-law of prominent early Greenvillian Chancellor Waddy Thompson, expressed a desire to be buried in the family garden. Many other burials occurred in the area after Thompson sold 60 acres of his property to one Francis H. McLeod in 1817. In 1829 McLeod opened the private graveyard to the public, and in 1833, he conveyed a tract of land to the city for use as a cemetery. The city acquired additional acres during the 1870s, and the last five acres of the cemetery were purchased before 1944. Presumably the cemetery was named for a spring that was once included in, or was just beyond, its boundaries.</p><br>
<p>The 200-year-old cemetery includes "a comprehensive collection of gravemarker types," including field stones, raised masonry tombs topped with stone ledgers, Victorian monoliths, and Veterans Administration markers. Eighty unknown Confederate soldiers are buried near the entrance, presumably soldiers who died of wounds or disease after being removed to one of the two Greenville buildings used for hospitals during the Civil War.</p><br>
<p>Springwood retains its rural cemetery design elements and the 1876 landscape planning of prominent New South architect G. L. Norrman. The entrance gate, designed by local architect James Lawrence and built of Indiana limestone, was completed in 1914. Just outside the Main Street entrance, in its own pocket park, is a Confederate monument that from 1891 to 1923 stood in the middle of Main Street.</p><br>
<p>The northeast corner of the cemetery, which was used as a potter&#39;s field for African Americans and indigent whites has perhaps only a dozen remaining headstones, although the area is believed to contain hundreds of graves. In 1969 the City of Greenville extended Academy Street through this section and removed the remains of approximately 250 to 275 people.</p><br>
<p>Although burials continue, no new plots have been sold since the 1970s. The city of Greenville contributes to the maintenance of the cemetery, but there is no perpetual care fund, and the graves themselves remain private property. A "Friends of Springwood Cemetery" organization was formed in 2002 to raise awareness of cemetery needs.</p><br>
<h2>Notable Interments</h2><br>
<p>Martin Frederick Ansel, 89th Governor of South Carolina.</p><br>
<p>Charles R. Attwood, pediatrician, promoter of vegetarianism.</p><br>
<p>John Dickson Carr, mystery writer.</p><br>
<p>Charles E. Daniel, construction company executive and interim U. S. Senator.</p><br>
<p>John D. Hollingsworth, textile machinery executive and philanthropist.</p><br>
<p>Butch Lindley, NASCAR driver.</p><br>
<p>Basil Manly, Sr., Baptist clergyman and educator.</p><br>
<p>John J. McSwain, U. S. Representative.</p><br>
<p>Roger C. Peace, newspaper publisher and interim U. S. Senator.</p><br>
<p>Morea is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1835, and is a -story, three-bay, vernacular brick dwelling. It features an original recessed second-story verandah, an interior structural arcade, and a semidetached office wing. It is the only surviving dwelling built by one of the original University of Virginia faculty members approved by Thomas Jefferson. Its owner, John Patten Emmet, was the school&#39;s first professor of natural history. It is now owned by the University of Virginia and serves as the co-residence for both the Principal and the Director of Studies of the International Residential College.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>John Vowles House is two adjoined historic homes located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1824, and consists of two two-story, three-bay, gable-roofed Federal style brick town houses. Both houses feature decorative cornices and original interior woodwork. To the rear of 1113 West Main is a small -story, L-shaped, gable-roofed brick outbuilding built as a kitchen and added in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1989.</p><br>
<p>The Marshall–Rucker–Smith House is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built for J. William and Carrie Marshall in 1894 by William T. Vandegrift, the grandfather of General Alexander Archer Vandegrift, and is a two-story, nearly square, Queen Anne style brick dwelling. It has a three-story octagonal corner tower, a prominent front gable projection of the slate-shingled hip roof, a two-story rear wing, and multiple one-story porches. A two-story solarium and library wing were added by its second owner, William J. Rucker in about 1930. Also on the property is a contributing swimming pool  which is now used as a members-only neighborhood pool. In the mid-20th century, after the house had been made into a rooming house, future Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O&#39;Connor numbered among its residents while her husband was attending the Judge Advocate General School at the University of Virginia School of Law.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. It is located in the Charlottesville and Albemarle County Courthouse Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Judge William J. Robertson House is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1859, and is a two-story, roughly rectangular, brick dwelling with elements of the Italianate and Gothic Revival styles. It has rendered walls scored to simulate ashlar masonry, a hip-and-gable roof with broadly overhanging gable eaves supported by large decoratively carved brackets, and one-story wings and porches. It was built by Justice William J. Robertson , who was the "acknowledged leader of the Virginia bar" during the second half of the 19th century.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999.</p><br>
<p>Abell–Gleason House is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1859 and is a two-story, three-bay, Greek Revival brick dwelling. Each of the bays is defined by brick pilasters with Doric order–inspired capitals faced with stucco. Also on the property is a contributing four-room servants quarters.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2001. It is located in the Charlottesville and Albemarle County Courthouse Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Montebello is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. The central section was built in 1819–1820, and consists of three-part facade, with a three bay, two-story central block with single-story flanking wings. The original section has a single pile, brick I-house plan with a central hall flanked by a room on each side. Also on the property is a contributing -story, brick, two-car garage . The house was built by John M. Perry, one of the workmen</p><br>
<p>who worked with Thomas Jefferson at Monticello and on his many building projects at the</p><br>
<p>University of Virginia. The University of Virginia purchased the house and property in 1963 and it currently serves as a residence for faculty.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Sunnyside, also known as the Duke House, is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. The original section was built about 1800, as a -story, two room log dwelling. It was expanded and remodeled in 1858, as a Gothic Revival style dwelling after Washington Irving&#39;s Gothic Revival home, also called Sunnyside. The house features scroll-sawn bargeboards, arched windows and doors, and a fieldstone chimney with stepped weatherings and capped corbelled stacks topped with two octagonal chimney pots.</p><br>
<p>The house was built by John Altphin around 1800 in the rural outskirts of Charlottesville, which was only incorporated as a town of less than 300 people in 1801. The house passed through multiple owners before its major transformation in the 1850s. The longest-tenured owners of the property were the Duke family, after Confederate officer Richard Thomas Walker Duke purchased the property in 1863. Duke&#39;s descendants continued to live at Sunnyside until the University of Virginia acquired the property in 1963.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.</p><br>
<p>Recoleta, also known as Rothery, is a historic home located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1940, and is a two- to three-story, U-shaped, Spanish Colonial Revival style dwelling. The house is constructed of stuccoed reinforced cinder block and has a red tile gable roof, arched openings, an exterior stair, a balcony, and steel-framed casement windows. The "U" contains a patio enclosed by a loggia with a garden front. Also on the property is a contributing garden enclosed by a cinder block wall built in 1946 that incorporates a fountain wall with a tile roof, circular lantern niches, and a patio. The house was built for University of Virginia music professor Harry Rogers Pratt and his wife, Agnes Edwards Rothery Pratt.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2004.</p><br>
<p>World War Memorial Building is a building designed by Lafaye & Lafaye in Columbia, South Carolina, United States.</p><br>
<h2>History and design</h2><br>
<p>The University of South Carolina Board of Trustees approved the building of a World War memorial in 1933. A design was brought forward the following year by Lafaye & Lafaye. J.J. McDevitt built the memorial in 1935. The cornerstone was laid by The American Legion&#39;s Wyndham Manning and contains a complete listing of all the South Carolina citizens involved in World War I. The memorial was dedicated on May 30, 1935.</p><br>
<p>The structure is modeled on a Roman or Greek temple. Construction is of granite and limestone. On the face of the entrance are six columns with three windows set between the central four columns. The building also features engravings over the entrance and on either side of the main doorway.</p><br>
<h2>Uses</h2><br>
<p>Aside from being a monument to South Carolinas veterans, the building was also meant to function as office space. The Historical Commission became the first tenant, but outgrew the space, as the second floor was designated as a chapel and its office space housed the American Legion Auxiliary. The Historical Commission began seeking a new building in 1947. In 1960, the structure began housing the University of South Carolinas International Studies department. 1971 saw the South Carolina Confederate Relic Room and Museum take up residence in the building. The Confederate Relic Room was housed here for three decades. Today, the building houses University of South Carolina Publications</p><br>
<p>The Ford House is a Georgian Revival former home  built c. 1835. The most famous resident, Antonia Ford, was a spy for the Confederate States Army during the American Civil War. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987 as part of the City of Fairfax Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Antonia Ford</h2><br>
<p>Born and raised in Fairfax, Virginia, Antonia Ford was able to remain in the town once occupied by Union forces in mid-1861. Ford was able to gain intelligence from Union troops, which she passed on to Confederate leaders. She was eventually discovered and arrested on March 13, and incarcerated in Washington, D.C. at the Old Capitol Prison.</p><br>
<p>The Salem Downtown State Street – Commercial Street Historic District comprises a portion of the central business district of Salem, Oregon, United States. Located on the Willamette River transportation corridor and near Jason Lees Mission Mill, Salems downtown area was first platted in 1846. Subsequent development patterns closely reflected the drivers of Salem&#39;s growth as an important agricultural and commercial center. Surviving buildings represent a wide range of architectural styles from the 1860s through the 1950s. The district was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 2001.</p><br>
<p>The Old Fairfax County Jail was built in 1885, behind the Fairfax County Court House. It was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1981, expanding the previously listed Fairfax County Court House. It is located in the City of Fairfax Historic District.</p><br>
<h2>Uses</h2><br>
<p>The building operated as a jail for 68 years, until 1953 when jail facilities were added to the courthouse. Since 1956 it has been used for various county offices such as juvenile court, fine board, police dispatch, and recreation.</p><br>
<h2>Historic documents</h2><br>
<p>The former jail was used for the County Clerk&#39;s Office c. 1974, during which time historically important documents were found in the building such as two volumes of early 19th-century registrations of free blacks, as well as the wills of George and Martha Washington.</p><br>
<p>While George Washingtons will remained in the adjacent Fairfax Court House during the Civil War, Marthas did not. When Union troops from the Ohio Volunteer Infantry occupied the original building in 1862, Lt Col David Thompson picked up some papers in the building, and recognizing Martha Washingtons will, kept it. His daughter sold the will after his death to J. P. Morgan. Between 1908 and 1913, the Fairfax County Court Clerk and the Commonwealths Attorney attempted to have the will returned, but were unsuccessful. After Morgans death, the Falls Church chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution took up the effort with a letter to Morgans son, requesting the will. The issue finally rose to the level of the Virginia General Assembly, Governor, Attorney General, Supreme Court, and the U.S Supreme Court. It was returned to Fairfax in 1915, when J. P. Morgan, Jr. decided not to fight the Supreme Court case that had been brought by Virginia.</p><br>
<p>Fairfax Public School, also known as the Old Fairfax Elementary School Annex, is a historic school building located at Fairfax, Virginia. It consists of two sections built in 1873 and 1912, and is a two-story, brick building. The original section lies at the rear of the building, which was later fronted by the two-story, rectangular, hipped roof section. The front facade features a one-story, Classical Revival style portico supported by three fluted Doric order columns at each corner. The building now houses the Fairfax Museum and Visitors Center.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1992.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Built in 1873, the building was the first Fairfax Elementary School, and the first brick public school in Fairfax County, Virginia. It was used as a school until 1925 when the building was purchased by the Ku Klux Klan chapter, Cavaliers of Virginia, Inc.</p><br>
<p>The cost of construction was $2,750.</p><br>
<p>A fire damaged the building in 1932, which was repaired in 1937 when the Fairfax County School Board purchased and began using it as a school again. The county held its first special education classes there in the 1950s, after which it was used as a school administration building and then as part of the Northern Virginia Police Academy.</p><br>
<h2>Fairfax Museum and Visitor Center</h2><br>
<p>The Fairfax Museum and Visitor Center opened on July 4, 1992, featuring exhibits covering Fairfax and Northern Virginia history. Prior to opening, the building underwent renovations for just under 5 years, which was publicly funded through a city referendum.</p><br>
<p>The Jersey County Courthouse, located on 201 W. Pearl Street in Jerseyville, is Jersey County, Illinois county courthouse. Built in 1893&ndash;94, the 124 foot  tall courthouse was the third used by the county since its formation in 1839. Architect Henry Elliott of Chicago and Jacksonville designed the building in the Romanesque Revival style. The buildings design features a tall central tower topped by an octagonal cupola, terminal towers at the front corners, and a raised front porch. The building&#39;s limestone exterior, which is intricately decorated on the front face, uses stone quarried at the nearby city of Grafton. The Jersey County Illinois courthouse was the third courthouse designed by Mr Elliott who also designed the Greene County Courthouse  in Carrollton, Illinois; Edgar County Courthouse  in Paris, Illinois; DeWitt County Illinois Courthouse  in Clinton, Illinois and Pike County Illinois Courthouse  in Pittsfield. The DeWitt County Courthouse was demolished in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The courthouse was added to the National Register of Historic Places on May 8, 1986.</p><br>
<p>Thompson Mill Covered Bridge is a covered bridge which crosses the Kaskaskia River 2 mi northeast of Cowden, Illinois. The 160 ft Howe truss bridge is only 10 ft wide, making it the narrowest covered bridge in Illinois. The bridge was constructed in 1868; it was built in Michigan, shipped to Shelbyville, and hauled to the river crossing by horse-drawn wagons. The road the bridge carried was an important transportation corridor connecting Springfield, Taylorville, and Effingham. The bridge also provided area residents access to the Thompson Mill, a corn mill and sawmill which operated from 1843 to 1914.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on March 13, 1975. It is now one of only five historic covered bridges remaining in Illinois. The bridge has been closed to automobile traffic but remains open to pedestrians.</p><br>
<p>Mary&#39;s River Covered Bridge is a covered bridge which crosses Marys River 4 mi northeast of Chester, Illinois. The Burr truss bridge is 86 ft long and 17 ft wide. The bridge was built in 1854 as part of a plank toll road connecting Chester to Bremen; the bridge allowed agricultural products to be transported to Chester, a significant port on the Mississippi River. In the early 1870s, the toll road and the bridge were sold to Randolph County. The bridge served road traffic until 1930.</p><br>
<p>In 1936, the State of Illinois assumed ownership of the bridge in order to preserve it. The bridge is now located in a picnic area and park on the south side of Illinois Route 150. It is the only extant covered bridge in Southern Illinois.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on December 31, 1974.</p><br>
<p>William H. McGuffey Primary School, also known as the McGuffy Art Center, is a historical former elementary school located at Charlottesville, Virginia. It was built in 1915–1916, and is a two-story, rectangular, Colonial Revival style brick building. It features single-story Tuscan order porticos that project from each side elevation as well as from the front façade. It is topped by a slate covered, low pitched, hipped roof. It was named</p><br>
<p>for William Holmes McGuffey (1800-1873) the author of the first standard USA reader series who was a staunch advocate of public education and a University of Virginia professor of moral philosophy. McGuffey School ceased to be a public school in 1973.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2009. It is located in the Charlottesville and Albemarle County Courthouse Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Preston Court Apartments is a historic apartment building in Charlottesville, Virginia, US built in 1928. It is a three-story, C-shaped, reinforced concrete building faced with brick. It has two two-story, five-bay, flat-roofed Ionic order porticos in the Classical Revival style. The building continues to be used as a rental/apartment building by the Hartman family.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2007. It is located in the Rugby Road-University Corner Historic District.</p><br>
<p>Daughters of Zion Cemetery, also known as Zion Cemetery, Society Cemetery, and Old Oakwood Section, is a historic African-American cemetery located at Charlottesville, Virginia, United States. It was established in 1873, and contains an estimated 300 burial sites with 152 of the burials commemorated with 136 surviving grave markers. It consists exclusively of marble and granite grave markers with a single 20 foot by 20 foot section enclosed with a cast-iron fence. Notable burials include Benjamin Tonsler , who built the Benjamin Tonsler House. The city assumed title to the property in the 1970s, and the last burial occurred in 1995.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2010.</p><br>
<p>Thomas Jonathan Jackson is a historic bronze equestrian statue of Confederate general Stonewall Jackson which was formerly located at Courthouse Historic District of Charlottesville, Virginia and installed in 1921. The statue was sculpted by Charles Keck and was the third of four works commissioned from members of the National Sculpture Society by philanthropist Paul Goodloe McIntire. It was the second of three statues McIntire donated to the city of Charlottesville, which he did over a period of five years from 1919 to 1924. The statue was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Controversy and removal</h2><br>
<p>In April 2016, the Charlottesville City Council appointed a special commission, named the Blue Ribbon Commission on Race, Monuments and Public Spaces, to recommend to city officials how to best handle issues surrounding Confederate statues and monuments in Charlottesville. In February 2017, as part of the removal of Confederate monuments and memorials, the Charlottesville City Council voted 3–2 for the statue&#39;s removal, along with the Robert E. Lee Monument; both were vandalized in September 2019, with "1619" graffitied on the Jackson statue, in reference to the date of the arrival of the first Africans in Virginia. It was vandalized again in October 2019. On July 10, 2021, the city council removed the statues of Jackson and Lee.</p><br>
<p>The Robert E. Lee Monument was an outdoor bronze equestrian statue of Confederate general Robert E. Lee and his horse Traveller located in Charlottesville, Virginia&#39;s Market Street Park  in the Charlottesville and Albemarle County Courthouse Historic District. The statue was commissioned in 1917 and dedicated in 1924, and in 1997 was listed on the National Register of Historic Places. It was removed on July 10, 2021, and melted down in 2023.</p><br>
<p>In February 2017, as part of the movement for the removal of Confederate monuments and memorials, the Charlottesville City Council voted 3–2 for the statues removal, along with the citys Stonewall Jackson statue, and for Lee Park to be renamed. The removal proposal generated controversy. A lawsuit was filed on March 20, 2017, and in May 2017 a temporary injunction against its removal was granted by a judge, citing a Virginia state law that blocked the removal. White supremacists organized the Unite the Right rally for August 2017 to protest the proposed removal that drew numerous far-right groups from across the United States; this rally in turn caused counterdemonstrations, which in turn caused serious clashes; the event took a deadly turn when a white supremacist rammed a car into a crowd of counterdemonstrators, killing one and wounding 35. On August 23, 2017, the council had the statue shrouded in black, which in February 2018 a judge ordered removed. In July 2019 a permanent injunction was granted, and in July 2020 the state law was amended to remove the grounds for objection raised by the judge. The Virginia Supreme Court lifted the injunction in April 2021, holding that the state law thought to restrict the removal did not apply retroactively to statues passed before its effect (the law was applied to Virginia cities in 1997, but the statue had been erected in 1924). However, rather than immediately remove the statue, the city opted to employ the new removal process authorized under the law&#39;s 2020 amendments, which entails public notice, a public hearing after 30 days, and 30 days to field offers for relocation of the statue.</p><br>
<p>On July 9, 2021, the City Council announced that the Lee Monument would be removed the following day, and, on July 10, 2021, both the Lee and Jackson statues were removed by the city. In October 2023, the Lee statue was cut into pieces and melted down, with the intention of later turning the metal into a new artwork.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>In 1917, Paul Goodloe McIntire commissioned the statue from the artist Henry Shrady (1871–1922). It was the second of four works McIntire commissioned from members of the National Sculpture Society. He wanted a public setting for the statue, buying a city block of land and demolishing existing structures on it to create a formal landscaped square, later named Lee Park (currently Market Street Park), the first of four parks McIntire would donate to Charlottesville.</p><br>
<p>Shrady was chronically ill at the time of the commission – he worked on it slowly and it was still unfinished on his death in 1922. Leo Lentelli (1879–1961) completed the sculpture in 1924, and it was dedicated on May 21 of that year. It was cast in the Roman Bronze Works of Brooklyn, New York. Comparison with a surviving model of the proposed statue by Shrady reveals Lentelli&#39;s version is less animated than that intended by Shrady. The oval granite pedestal was designed by the architect Walter Blair and on its side had the inscription "Robert Edward Lee" with the dates 1807 and 1870. The sculpture and pedestal combined were approximately 26 feet high, 12 feet long, and 8 feet wide (26 x) at the bottom of the pedestal.</p><br>
<h2>Attempts to remove the statue</h2><br>
<p>In March 2016, Charlottesvilles Vice Mayor Wes Bellamy publicly called on the City Council to remove the Lee statue and rename Lee Park, saying that the statues presence "disrespected" parts of the community, and that he had "spoken with several different people who have said they have refused to step foot (sic) in that park because of what that statue and the name of that park represents. And we cant have that in the city of Charlottesville." Local NAACP head Rick Turner supported removal, calling Lee a terrorist. Others accused the council and Bellamy of disregarding Lees historical significance, overlooking his importance to Virginia, sowing division, and trying to rewrite history. A petition to remove the statue was initiated, with wording saying the statue represented "hate" and was a "subliminal message of racism".</p><br>
<p>In April 2016, the City Council appointed a special commission, named the Blue Ribbon Commission on Race, Monuments and Public Spaces, to recommend to city officials how to best handle issues surrounding the statues of Stonewall Jackson in Court Square and Lee in Lee Park, as well as other landmarks and monuments. Early in November 2016, the Blue Ribbon Commission voted 6–3 to let both statues remain in place. On November 28, 2016, it voted 7–2 to remove the Lee statue to McIntire Park in Charlottesville and 8–1 to keep the Jackson statue in place, delivering a final report with that recommendation to the Charlottesville City Council in December.</p><br>
<p>On February 6, 2017, the City Council voted 3-2 to remove the Lee statue and, unanimously, to rename Lee Park.</p><br>
<h3>Lawsuit</h3><br>
<p>In response, a lawsuit was filed on March 20, 2017, by multiple plaintiffs, including the Monument Fund Inc, the Sons of Confederate Veterans, and descendants of the statues donor and sculptor, to block the removal of the Lee and Jackson statues. The lawsuit sought a temporary injunction to halt the removal, arguing that the City Councils decision violated a state law designed to protect veterans monuments and memorials, in this case veterans of the American Civil War, and that the council had additionally violated the terms of McIntires gift to Charlottesville of the statue and the land for Lee Park.</p><br>
<p>The city responded by asking that the temporary injunction be denied, arguing that the two statues were not Confederate monuments and therefore outside the law&#39;s protection. The city also argued that the law did not apply to any monuments erected before it was amended to apply to cities in 1997 -- which argument ultimately prevailed.</p><br>
<p>In April 2017, the City Council voted 3-2 (exactly along the lines of the February vote) that the statue be removed completely from Charlottesville and sold to whomever the council chose.</p><br>
<p>On May 2, 2017, Charlottesville Circuit Court Judge Richard Moore issued a temporary injunction blocking the removal of the Lee statue for six months, in the public&#39;s interest, pending his final decision in the suit.</p><br>
<p>In October 2019 Moore ruled that local authorities in Charlottesville could not remove the two Confederate statues because they were war memorials protected by state law, and issued a permanent injunction preventing their removal.</p><br>
<p>On April 1, 2021, the Virginia Supreme Court overturned Moore&#39;s decision and lifted the injunction.</p><br>
<p>In December 2021, after the Lee statues removal, the City Council approved a proposal to melt it down and repurpose the material for public art. A second lawsuit was filed by the Trevilian Station Battlefield Foundation and the Ratcliffe Foundation shortly thereafter. In 2023, the counts pertaining to the statues fate were dismissed for lack of standing, clearing the way for the project to proceed.</p><br>
<h3>Unite the Right rally</h3><br>
<p>On May 13, 2017, neo-Nazi Richard B. Spencer led a torch-lit rally in Lee Park in protest of the City Council&#39;s decision to remove and sell the Lee statue and chanted "you will not replace us" and "Russia is our friend". Some of the ralliers procured bamboo tiki torches for a second, nighttime rally and shouted slogans including "Jews will not replace us", but put out their torches and left as police officers began to arrive to disperse them.</p><br>
<p>Counter-protesters gathered the following day and held a silent candlelight vigil that attracted over a hundred of the towns citizens, and Michael Signer, the mayor of Charlottesville. Signer, who opposed the statues removal, condemned the initial rally the night before. The organizations dedicated to preserving the Lee statue issued a statement denying any involvement in the rally. Despite some conflict, no arrests were made and no one was injured.</p><br>
<p>On July 8, 2017, the Ku Klux Klan held a rally in Charlottesville protesting the city&#39;s plan to remove the statue. The approximately 50 Klansmen were met by several hundred counter-protesters. The police used tear gas to disperse the crowd, and made 23 arrests.</p><br>
<p>On August 12, 2017, during the Unite the Right rally, clashes broke out between supporters of the statue, who marched under Confederate, American, and Revolutionary flags, and counter-protesters. During the rally, counter-protester Heather Heyer was killed and 19 injured by a car ramming attack.</p><br>
<h3>City and public responses</h3><br>
<p>On August 20, 2017, the City Council unanimously voted to shroud both the Lee and Jackson statues in black. The council "also decided to direct the city manager to take an administrative step that would make it easier to eventually remove the Jackson statue." The statues were covered in black shrouds on August 23, 2017. On February 27, 2018, Judge Richard Moore ruled that the City of Charlottesville had to remove the black tarps covering the statues and the city complied, removing the shrouds a day later.</p><br>
<p>Sometime overnight between July 7 and 8, 2017, the Lee statue was vandalized by being daubed in red paint. It had been vandalized before; in June 2016, the pedestal was spray painted with the words "Black Lives Matter".</p><br>
<p>In 2018, the Lee statue was placed on the Make It Right Project&#39;s list of ten Confederate monuments it most wanted to see removed.</p><br>
<p>On October 14, 2019, both statues were damaged by a chisel (the Jackson statue being damaged a second time, as it was prior in September). Charlottesville police stated that they were investigating the vandalism. On November 28, 2019, the statue was painted with graffiti, saying: "Impeach Trump" and "This is Racist".</p><br>
<h2>Removal and melting down</h2><br>
<p>On the morning of July 10, 2021, the Lee statue was removed from its pedestal by the city. The mayor of Charlottesville, Nikuyah Walker, stated that "Taking down this statue is one small step closer to the goal of helping Charlottesville, Virginia, and America, grapple with the sin of being willing to destroy Black people for economic gain." The statue was taken away from the site on a flatbed truck. The city stated that the statue would be put into storage and the stone base removed at a later date, and that the final disposition of the statue was yet to be decided. In December 2021, the City Council approved a plan to melt down the statue and repurpose its material for public art. Lawsuits temporarily blocked the progress; as of mid-2023, all but one plaintiff and one count of the suit had been dismissed. In October 2023, the statue was taken to a foundry in an undisclosed location and melted down.</p><br>
<p>Meriwether Lewis and William Clark is a historic bronze sculpture of Meriwether Lewis, William Clark, and Sacagawea located at Charlottesville, Virginia. Known as Their First View of the Pacific, it was sculpted by noted artist Charles Keck , and was the first of four commemorative sculptures commissioned from members of the National Sculpture Society by philanthropist Paul Goodloe McIntire. The sculpture was erected in 1919.</p><br>
<p>It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<p>On July 10, 2021, following the removal of the Stonewall Jackson and Robert E. Lee statues, the city called for an emergency council meeting where it was decided that the statue, along with the George Rogers Clark (sculpture)</p><br>
<p>George Rogers Clark sculpture, would also be removed that same day. It was removed at the request of descendants of Sacajawea.</p><br>
